What is erectile dysfunction (ED)?
Erectile dysfunction is the persistent difficulty getting or keeping an erection firm enough for sexual activity. Occasional difficulty is normal, but ongoing problems are worth discussing with a doctor — both because they are treatable and because ED can sometimes be an early sign of an underlying health issue such as cardiovascular disease or diabetes.
Common causes
- Physical: cardiovascular disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, hormonal factors
- Lifestyle: smoking, excess alcohol, lack of exercise, obesity
- Psychological: stress, anxiety, depression, relationship factors
- Side effects of some medications
Assessment
A doctor will take a history, review medications and lifestyle, and may arrange blood tests (for example to check hormones, blood sugar and cholesterol). Because ED can reflect vascular health, assessment is also an opportunity to look after your general wellbeing.
Treatment options
- Lifestyle changes (exercise, stopping smoking, reducing alcohol, weight management)
- Oral medications prescribed by a doctor
- Treating underlying conditions such as diabetes or hormonal issues
- Psychological support where stress or anxiety is a factor
- Other medical options for selected cases, discussed with a specialist
When to see a doctor
If difficulties persist for more than a few weeks, are causing distress, or are accompanied by other symptoms, see a doctor. Care is confidential, and effective treatments are available.
See our researched shortlist: subspecialty focus, credentials and clinic websites, checked against public records.
View the shortlist →Frequently Asked Questions
It becomes more common with age but is not an inevitable or untreatable part of ageing. Effective treatments exist at any age.
Yes — it can be an early indicator of cardiovascular disease or diabetes, which is one reason a medical assessment is worthwhile.
Consultations are private and confidential. Speak openly with your doctor so they can recommend the most suitable approach.