What is DVT?
Deep vein thrombosis is a blood clot that forms in one of the deep veins, most often in the calf or thigh. It is important because part of the clot can break off and travel to the lungs (a pulmonary embolism), which is a medical emergency. DVT is treatable, and early diagnosis reduces the risk of complications.
Symptoms
- Swelling in one leg (sometimes both)
- Pain or tenderness, often in the calf
- Warmth and redness over the area
- Symptoms may be subtle or absent in some cases
Risk factors
- Long periods of immobility (e.g. long flights, bed rest after surgery)
- Recent surgery or injury
- Certain medical conditions and some medications
- Pregnancy, obesity and smoking
- A personal or family history of clots
Diagnosis and treatment
Diagnosis usually involves an ultrasound scan of the leg veins and blood tests. Treatment typically uses blood-thinning medication (anticoagulants) to stop the clot growing and prevent new clots, along with measures to reduce swelling. A vascular specialist will guide duration of treatment and any further assessment.
When to seek urgent care
Seek urgent medical attention for a swollen, painful leg — and call emergency services immediately for sudden breathlessness, chest pain, or coughing up blood, which may indicate a clot has reached the lungs.
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View the shortlist →Frequently Asked Questions
It can be, because a clot may travel to the lungs. With prompt diagnosis and treatment, the risk is greatly reduced — which is why early assessment matters.
Usually with blood-thinning medication for a period determined by your doctor, alongside measures to reduce swelling. Some cases need further specialist input.
Staying mobile, keeping hydrated, and moving your legs help. People at higher risk should discuss prevention with their doctor before travelling.