What is PAD?
Peripheral arterial disease occurs when arteries that supply the limbs become narrowed by fatty deposits (atherosclerosis), reducing blood flow. It most commonly affects the legs. Because the same process affects the heart and brain, PAD is also a marker of wider cardiovascular risk.
Symptoms
- Cramping leg pain when walking that eases with rest (claudication)
- Cold or numb feet, or weak pulses
- Slow-healing wounds or sores on the legs or feet
- In advanced cases, pain at rest or changes in skin colour
Risk factors
- Smoking
- Diabetes
- High blood pressure and high cholesterol
- Increasing age and family history
Diagnosis and treatment
A vascular specialist may check pulses, measure the ankle-brachial index, and use ultrasound or other imaging. Management focuses on risk-factor control (stopping smoking, managing diabetes, blood pressure and cholesterol), a supervised walking programme, and medication. More advanced disease may need procedures to restore blood flow, such as angioplasty or bypass.
When to see a specialist
See a doctor for leg pain on walking, non-healing foot wounds, or cold/discoloured feet — especially if you smoke or have diabetes. Foot wounds in people with diabetes need prompt attention.
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View the shortlist →Frequently Asked Questions
The disease can be managed and progression slowed, particularly by stopping smoking and controlling diabetes, blood pressure and cholesterol. Procedures can restore blood flow in more advanced cases.
It signals widespread artery narrowing, so it is linked to higher risk of heart attack and stroke — making overall cardiovascular care important.
Risk-factor control and a structured walking programme are foundations of treatment; your specialist will advise whether further intervention is needed.